In the briefcase

Here is a very common presentation scenario. You have a good relationship with a middle manager in a potential client, and she meets the CEO next week and could take “a few slides” with her in her briefcase for a 30 second pitch.

What not to do? Send your full 30 minute pitch deck that you have used in so many successful Zoom meetings before. Especially that slide with just a golf ball on a green lawn always drives your point home.

You are not presenting, your friend does, and you don’t have 30 minutes, you have 30 seconds. But this might be good news. Thirty seconds of your friend with the CEO, is a better shot than 10 minutes with a purchasing officer who you do not know.

What to do?

Take the time to explain to your friend what it is you do, and then make a “placeholder” slide that she can use to give the pitch. It is not possible to go through a slide deck in 30 seconds, so the pitch is basically a verbal one. Your placeholder should look nice, and actually not distract too much so that the CEO can keep her focus on the audio track. (Typos, calculation errors….)

You need to rely on your friend to do the pitch, but you need to compensate for the fact that you are not in the room, nor on the Zoom screen to give the CEO the opportunity to use her intuition to answer the “who are these people?” Question. A CV/bio type slide with a picture could do the trick (again a placeholder) , “hey they also went to INSEAD…”.

Finally think of a very specific next step that can move the process further. You are unlikely to land an investment in 30 seconds, you could get an actual Zoom meeting though…

Good luck.

Demo versus manual

Giving a demo of your application or web site to an investor or potential partner is different from teaching a new user how to use it by herself.

For the user:

• Where do all the buttons sit

• How to log in

• How to update settings

• Where to find your account details

• How to create a project from scratch

• Etc.

For the investor / partner:

• What does the app do?

• Show me a walk through of a “story” or use case

• Have a project ready to show

• Look, there is actually a piece of software that is working…

• Etc.

In presentations, you are most likely to deal with scenario 2. Do all the prep work (logging in etc.), and design a very clear script of what you want to show, cutting out any tangents and other delays. Keep it short and focused. Rehearse your walk through, and as a backup, have a series of consecutive screenshots ready just in case Murphy’s law kicks in.

Nagging does not sell

Seth “stole” my thunder… A blog post about how nagging and insisting without introducing new information or ideas is not going to get you anywhere has been sitting in my mental pipeline for a while. Some examples.

• People here in the Middle East can be very defensive, and this happened a few times in presentations I attended here around Tel Aviv. After your presentation you get a question, the presenter answers it. The question gets asked again, but it was not really answered. The presenter is not really listening, and more or less repeats the same answer, this time a bit louder. This pattern might repeat itself a few times without a resolution

• As a startup CEO, I get tons of “spam” emails with subject lines and opening sentences that sound like spam. That first email does not trigger a response from me, but it gets followed up by pretty much the same email, with the same subject line in bold

• The investor is not going to invest in you, because she does not invest in medical diagnostics companies, and you are a medical diagnostics company. Trying to convince her that she should invest in these companies will get you nowhere. Either move one, or give the pitch of your company a different spin, away from that particular field.

Parents might succumb to repeated pressure and buy calm in the house, pretty much everyone else will just ignore you.

Photo by Dan Burton on Unsplash

Pitching to VCs outside of your home country

Mostly thanks to COVID-19, the venture capital industry is going global. Which means that VCs are increasingly willing to invest across borders. Some implications for investor pitches.

VCs get the confidence to invest further away partly because of increased specialisation. They know exactly what sort of deals to look for, have a very deep understanding of technology in that particular field, and as a result can size up opportunities easily, even at long distance.

[P.S. Something similar happened in my bespoke presentation design business, where I specialised in a very specific type of presentation which is highly similar across borders, and usually have very similar type of clients. This was both important in terms of deciding whether you can do the project, winning a pitch for a project, and making the call whether this unknown client in a different country would eventually pay my fees].

Even more than before, as a startup, you need to do your homework and select potential investors carefully. The upside of this extra work is that if your company fits a specific investor profile, you are very likely to make it through the first investor screen, people will actually look at your deck. “Hmmm, these guys are not from Palo Alto” is no longer relevant. The cost of a brief Zoom call to check you out in person is much lower than a “coffee chat”, so you might score that one as well if the field is relevant.

For a highly knowledgeable investor with an office 5 time zones away, that first deck might have to be more specific than a nice mysterious teaser inviting her to schedule a phone call. You can cut slides with general industry background, but probably need to add data that investors in a specific technology segment are expecting to see (experience from looking at hundreds of other companies in your specific sector).

“How are you to work with on a Board?” already was an important criterion in an investor due diligence. Now the question becomes “how are you to work with on a Board remotely?” Pay attention to cultural differences. I have seen many local Israeli startups make English typos, use English phrases that have an interesting double meaning in street language, try to plan meetings during US holidays or 3AM Pacific Time, make politically incorrect jokes, etc. etc.

The net net of all of this is very positive for both startups and investors.

Photo by NASA on Unsplash

The audience is always right

Sometimes, you can be so absorbed in your own story that your forget to put in the obvious in your pitch deck.

Yesterday I overheard a healthcare VC reviewing a pitch deck for a new diagnostic tool. Pages and pages about the impressive team, the excellent trial results and robust data, until what the tool actually was diagnosing was revealed on page 15.

An investor who is scrolling through a deck to find an answer to an obvious question is not paying much attention to other information that is put on the slides.

Maybe in this case, this answer was actually written somewhere in page 1 of the deck, but remember that when it comes to presentations, the audience is always right.

Photo by Girl with red hat on Unsplash

The five ingredients of a successful startup pitch

I added the slide used in this tweet to the SlideMagic library. In SlideMagic it is super easy to quickly create a grid with lots of boxes. There is a lot of redundant information on the slide, but the repetition on the other hand serves a purpose here.

There’s a lot of bad advice out there on how to pitch your startup.

Last year, I invested $1M+ and heard 200 companies pitch.

Every great pitch I've heard nails 5 ingredients.

In this thread, we'll go through each to help maximize your chances when fundraising

Let's dig in👇 pic.twitter.com/FBaUUWHz8L

— Romeen Sheth (@RomeenSheth) April 10, 2021

Search for “pitch” in the SlideMagic app and it will pop up for you to use (alongside some other investor and musical pitch related slides).

Live demo in presentations, should you?

It is tempting to show a live demo of your product in your pitch presentation: look, we have a real product, this is not just “slideware”.

There are downsides too though. Murphy’s law, if a technical issue could happen, it will happen, especially in important pitch presentations. Demoing a product involves all kind of time consuming steps that are not really adding to your pitch: log-in screens, clicking through various settings pages, loading dummy data. If you have only 20 minutes, each and every minute is very valuable. Fifteen minutes of demo might be too much.

So, what to do?

• Include a series of relevant screen shots in your pitch deck that show the key features of the product. The objective is not proof of technology, just educating the audience what it is that you actually try to build. Choose the screens wisely and put them in the right sequence. Add arrows and markups to make things clear if needed. (App screens are not presentation slides).

• If possible, have a live demo of your product running on your machine, and in that first 20 minute pitch, simply click through a few screens. The objective is not to use it to explain what you are trying to build, but proof that there is actual technology. “Look, here it is!”

• If the audience is interested, schedule a second meeting that is entirely dedicated to demoing your product, leaving sufficient time for solving technical glitches.

Photo by Rhett Noonan on Unsplash

Everything to the front page

So you got some feedback on your pitch deck: “You need to ‘hit them hard’ with your strongest points early in the presentation”

Ok, bring this to the front, bring that to the front, this the front as well. Hmmm, now we have a lot of pages at the front, maybe summarize all of these messages on the first page, then we get to all of them really early.

The result: a dense, boring bullet point page. And it will take you 20 minutes to go through it, since it contains the entire presentation.

Most investment ideas have very few ideas that are truly distinctive, or better phrased: ideas that do not sound like all the other pitches an investor listens to. Be very honest and selective. Often, you might have to deal with an “elephant in the room” early in the presentation. Addressing competition from Google if you are building an internet search engine on page 27 is not a smart idea.

Photo by Georgi Kalaydzhiev on Unsplash

To share or not to share?

Every potential investor will probably reply with “sure” to the question if she is interested in a copy of the pitch deck. But what should you share? Some of your slides could be highly confidential, others might be too detailed. It is impossible to give a conclusive answer to this question, but here are some points to consider, given a number of possible investor profiles.

• Investor profile: angel investor who invests as a hobby and loves networking and being involved in the buzz of the startup world. She is incredibly friendly and wants to be helpful, but you don’t know her that well. She was asking fairly high level questions and you had to give her a 101 on the industry you are working in. Maybe a short summary deck with non-confidential information will do. She probably does not have a deep technological understanding of your niche, and is likely to forward material to many of her friends to see if they can help you as well.

• Investor profile: junior analyst at a specialized VC firm who keeps on asking about very detailed financial growth benchmarks. She is begging you to provide all the ammunition you can find to convince her boss. No, they don’t sign NDAs. You probably have to provide the details as it sounds like an all-or-nothing shot with a highly relevant investor.

• Investor profile: you happen to sit next to her at a post-COVID dinner party and find out she is actually an investor with a potential fit. The setting was not right for an in-depth pitch. Maybe here you should send a very short “business card” presentation, slides that look great, give a brief explanation of the idea, plus additional background on you as an entrepreneur. The objective is not to land the investment, but to get an opportunity to do that proper pitch.

• Investor profile: someone who makes it pretty clear that the possibility of investment is close to zero: wrong industry, wrong stage, wrong geography. Saying that she is interested in the deck is her being polite. Maybe better not to send anything at all.

The above is not a binding advice, just to let you think about that the fact that every investor, and every conversation with an investor is different. Do not simply “attach and send” your standard pitch deck.

Photo by Hello I'm Nik 🍔 on Unsplash

Pop the suspense

I came across a pitch for a business idea that involves a few different businesses, with a number of different people.

The natural way to tell the story is a build-up: here is this interesting problem, that is a massive opportunity, that only we can solve with this interesting technology.

Investors are different from viewers of an action-packed thriller. The moment the “opening title” starts rolling, they start evaluating the investment opportunity, trying to identify the obvious strengths, the obvious weaknesses, and the question marks.

So for investors, you might have to skip to the last page of your thriller and uncover the mystery, before starting your pitch. Here are the 3 businesses, this is what they roughly do, and these are the people involved for each one of them. No let’s start from the beginning.

Photo by Quinn Buffing on Unsplash

Convincing the center (redux)

This posts keeps on coming back, usually around elections. This time around the trigger is the debate among “younger” Israelis (below 60) whether they should take the COVID vaccine or not (widely available here in Tel Aviv).

Normally speaking, the risk of serious COVID complications should be relatively low for individuals in this group. With the immediate threat out of the way, people can start arguing. Messaging groups are now a favorite channel for heated debates about the pros and cons of vaccination.

Some points to remember when persuading people:

• Focus on the center, the people who are in doubt. It is 100% certain that you can convince a die-hard anti-vaxxer, or genetics professor to change her mind in a few message exchanges

• “Screaming”, aggression, calling people on the other side of your argument stupid and incompetent is not going to score you sympathy points (and help you become more convincing).

• People in the center are likely to be reasonable people, so wild conspiracy theories or unusual scientific “evidence” might not stick very well

All the above applies to investor and sales presentation as well. Pick your battles and focus on the people who could change their minds

Photo by Marcos Paulo Prado on Unsplash

Are TAM slides useful?

The question is raised in this tweet:

Every part of every TAM calculation I’ve ever seen is wrong:

Total: Nope, only the subset you’re currently imagining.

Addressable: Yes, but probably not by you.

Market: Most groups of markets are not markets themselves.

Has a TAM slide ever convinced anyone? Don’t bother.

— Phil Libin (@plibin) January 26, 2021

My perspective:

• As a point estimate, they are probably not useful. Forecasting something that does not exist yet is hard, and ‘TAM’ is not interpreted in a consistent way like ‘next year’s revenue’ is.

• But as a framework to think about things, it could be useful. Forget about the exact definition of TAM. Instead help yourself and a potential investor think about one more approach to think about the potential of your business. “What would you have to believe in order to…”

In the SlideMagic app, search for ‘TAM’ and you will find a few templates that can get you started. Another good framework to use are waterfall charts where you can peel off market segment layers. To put your chart in context, you can add some sort of crystal ball image…

Photo by Sasha • Stories on Unsplash

Should you put 'confidential' on every slide of your presentation?

For years I tried to resist the pressure from lawyers to fill every slide with legal disclaimers. They do not look very pretty. But SlideMagic aims to be practical and as of version 2.6.8, you can do so, if you have to.

To make them still look OK:

• I made the font really small, in all caps, so the disclaimer looks more like some sort of a document id

• All disclaimers are exactly the same and at exactly the same place

• The placement of the disclaimer changes based on what sort of aspect ratio / slide layout you are using

Should you put disclaimers? (Warning, I am not a lawyer). There are certain situations where you probably should. Certain confidentiality agreements state that information needs to be marked as being confidential to be covered by the agreement.

But, if there is no such agreement in place, I am not sure how much leverage you have if people are sharing pages despite all the scary warnings on the page. Also, if you are using slides with a big TED talk or product launch, the whole world can see them, making the disclaimers pretty useless.

Most investors do not sign NDAs, and you actually you want the junior VC to forward your pages to a partner in the firm. Assume that when you send your slides to investors, there can be leaks, so be careful what you put in there. In most cases the actual content of your super secret technology will not make the difference when it comes to evaluating your pitch deck in the early stages of the investment process.

So, consult your lawyer, push back if she insists, and give in if she has a reasonable argument.

Photo by Kristina Flour on Unsplash

Some advice for a seed investment pitch deck

A nice collection of startup pitch deck wisdom by Hiten Shah and Marie Prokopets:

How to make a source of change waterfall chart (Apple quarterly results)

In between the election news: waterfall charts….

Waterfall charts are a great tool to explain the difference between 2 scenarios. In SlideMagic, they are really easy to create. Below is one I put together quickly with data from Apple’s 2020 Q4 earnings result, and a photo I found using SlideMagic’s built-in Unsplash image search. Notice how I opted for an unusual vertical waterfall, to create more space for the axis labels.

Some people would argue that you could make the chart even clearer by breaking the axes: showing them as ‘5.6’ and ‘4.7’ for example. Yes, it would highlight the deltas better, but in general, I think manipulating axes, well, manipulates the message. The fact that the changes are relatively small to the total is part of the message.

I reshuffled the rows a bit to group the decreases and increases. That makes it more clear in one sense, but less clear in another. Your choice.

\How do you go about making such an analysis? I put my numbers in a Google Sheet that you can view yourself.

1. Enter the data for the 2 comparable quarters in 2 columns. Add the totals as calculations rather than hard-coded numbers to check that you did not make any typos. (The blue cells are the one that I type in, the white ones are calculations).

2. Create space between the 2 columns

3. Pull numbers from the input that you consider drivers. You see that I deviated a bit from the way the input was presented:

   1. Divided billions by thousands to make it more readable

   2. I use % gross margin rather than absolute COGS and profit numbers

   3. R&D: absolute number, SGA, % of sales

4. Recalculate the operating income with just these drivers (line 37), it is crucial that you get this right, double check with the input.

5. Now start varying your drivers one at a time, and recalculate the operating income in the scenario that just that one variable would have changed (see the green numbers in the spreadsheet).

6. Finally, check whether the component variations add up to the total variation you need to explain (in this case, I was lucky). If you are not, you need to allocate the non-explained differences to the factors somehow.

It is important to keep in mind that these spreadsheet figures are just spreadsheet figures. The change in product gross margin for example is probably not independent from the change in product mix (fewer phones, more laptops). Also there is a small rounding issue (the rounded vales do not add up to 14.8). I would solve that by chopping the biggest factor (-1.7 to -1.6). It is always distracting when small rounding errors create inconsistent numbers on your slide.

Users of SlideMagic can access the waterfall charts with a search for ‘apple’ in the desktop app.

YC advice on pitching

YCombinator has made library of support material for startup founders available online for free. One of the results for a search on ‘pitch decks’ produces this. Some things to highlight:

“Be excited. Your pitch should not sound memorized. Intonation, cadence, and projecting help a lot”

“Actually explain what you do, and do it quickly”

“Don't be "cute" with your points, be declarative”

“If you make a joke, telegraph it. If you're not sure the joke will land, cut it

“Charts should be easy to understand - make one point with any graphic or chart. Don't make people read charts - they'll stop listening to you.”

“Line graphs are better than bar graphs when showing growth” (Not sure this is the case)

“TAM should be bottom up, not top down” (I.e., not 0.5% of $5billion)

“Coolness and legibility are not orthogonal, they're diametrically opposed”

It is important to understand where these suggestions are coming from: very experienced investors that are focusing on very, very early startups and hence need to sit through many, many, pitches with a huge range in quality (both in terms of pitch quality and company/founder quality). That explains the feedback of make your title readable, don’t use thin fonts, make your slide clear that when I look up from answering an email on my phone, I still know what is going on, don’t be cute, tell what you actually do, etc.

Still, if you are an early stage company looking for funding, this is your audience, better give them what they want. And remember, part of your startup pitch is testing your ability to sell a product to a matching audience. Selling your company to investors, or selling your product to customers, or helping investors sell their stake in your company to another investor in the future, all require similar skills.

Photo by Hunters Race on Unsplash

What is the forward email?

The most effective introduction to investors is via a referral of a mutual connection. When this mutual connection is ready to put her personal credibility on the line and forward your pitch to an investor, the pitch changes. No small talk, no waffly market backgrounds, and actually, no (or very little) structure, they get straight to the point.

The forward email is likely to be something like this:

• I know this person from ….

• She did this in the past and delivered on all fronts

• Here is a new idea, it is something like an X for Y

• It looks interesting, the obvious question mark is Z, but W could be the wild card that can make the difference

• It could fit nicely with your other investment V

• Have a look and let me know what you think.

Maybe it is a good idea to already think about what your forward email is going to look like, before you ask someone to send it.

Photo by Matt Ridley on Unsplash

Real estate (fund) pitch presentation template

SlideMagic is very suited to make decks that promote real estate projects or funds. It is easy to manage pictures of properties and add boxes with information about square feet and returns. I have added a template for a real estate fund pitch to get you started.

Note that when searching for slide templates, you do not need to resort to keywords such as “real estate” (it will give some results now though), any layout that shows lists, or grids, or portfolios, or screenshots will do. Real estate presentations use very generic layouts.

"We are never going to invest, but how can I help you?"

If you hear this from an investor as the very first sentence she says, this could either be:

1. A gutsy negotiation tactic to get the valuation of the shares in the B-round preferred equity shares down

2. She will not invest in you but wants to be helpful anyway

In 99% of the cases it is scenario number 2, so launching with full energy with your pitch (page 1/50, “market developments”) might get you cut off.

In these cases, I would still clarify, ‘OK, but why?’. The answer is probably: “You are in stage x in market y, we invest only in stage w and market v, but we have a friend in common so I agreed to take the call”. No chance of scenario 1…

All is not lost though. Switch tactic immediately and find out what this investor can do for you. Useful contacts. Ideas for investors who would fit the bill. Time is probably limited (she is doing you a favour, so hold back with arguing or discussion, take notes and put all the feedback in the perspective of the person it is coming from.

The notes might actually contain something that is new to you, and you will have left a very good impression for when you guys meet again in a situation where there is a better match.

Photo by kyle smith on Unsplash

Being too eager might not always work

Most sales have 2 pitches:

• The first is the seller pitching to an employee of the client

• The second is that employee having to make the case to her colleagues

(A similar situation: first the startup pitches a partner of a VC, then that partner has to convince her other partners)

I never discuss that second type of pitch here very much. In most cases an employee or VC partner probably has a deep conviction that a certain deal needs to be done (otherwise you would not put your reputation on the line for it). So all of a sudden, these people are the ones pitching the idea to a potentially unenthusiastic audience.

In these situations it is important to keept that impartial distance from the deal. A colleague who is aggressively countering every possible small objection to the deal loses a lot of trust and credibility. “Hmmm, she must have been brainwashed”. Instead, layout your case objectively. Point out the strengths, but also show the risks, doubts, and possible elephants in the room, and make the case why you think these can be overcome and this is a good bet to take.

P.S. This shows startup/product pitchers who the role of their contact person at a client/investor is changing. First you need to convince them, then you need to coach them how to pitch your idea themselves. If in this second phase of the process, you get a question, she is no longer doubting the idea, but collecting evidence to convince her colleagues. It also shows that bypassing that junior analyst and calling her boss directly might back fire instantly, you just lost your major supporter.

Photo by Wade Austin Ellis on Unsplash